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Shadowed Fading in Indoor Off-Body Communications Channels: A Statistical Characterization using the κ – μ / Gamma Composite Fading Model

机译:室内体外通信信道中的阴影衰落:使用κ–μ / Gamma复合衰落模型的统计表征

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摘要

This paper investigates the characteristics of the shadowed fading observed in off-body communications channels at 5.8 GHz. This is realized with the aid of the $\kappa-\mu$ / gamma composite fading model which assumes that the transmitted signal undergoes $\kappa-\mu$ fading which is subject to \emph{multiplicative} shadowing. Based on this, the total power of the multipath components, including both the dominant and scattered components, is subject to non-negligible variations that follow the gamma distribution. For this model, we present an integral form of the probability density function (PDF) as well as important analytic expressions for the PDF, cumulative distribution function, moments and moment generating function. In the case of indoor off-body communications, the corresponding measurements were carried out in the context of four explicit individual scenarios namely: line of sight (LOS) and non-LOS (NLOS) walking, rotational and random movements. The measurements were repeated within three different indoor environments and considered three different hypothetical body worn node locations. With the aid of these results, the parameters for the $\kappa-\mu$ / gamma composite fading model were estimated and analyzed extensively. Interestingly, for the majority of the indoor environments and movement scenarios, the parameter estimates suggested that dominant signal components existed even when the direct signal path was obscured by the test subject's body. Additionally, it is shown that the $\kappa-\mu$ / gamma composite fading model provides an adequate fit to the fading effects involved in off-body communications channels. Using the Kullback-Leibler divergence, we have also compared our results with another recently proposed shadowed fading model, namely the $\kappa-\mu$ / lognormal LOS shadowed fading model. It was found that the $\kappa-\mu$ / gamma composite fading model provided a better fit for the majority of the scenarios considered in this study.
机译:本文研究了在5.8 GHz体外通信信道中观察到的阴影衰落特性。这是借助于κ/ mu / gamma复合衰落模型来实现的,该模型假定传输的信号经历了κ/ mumu衰落,该衰落会受到\ emph {multiplicative}阴影的影响。基于此,包括主分量和散分量在内的多径​​分量的总功率会受到跟随伽马分布的不可忽略的变化的影响。对于此模型,我们展示了概率密度函数(PDF)的积分形式,以及PDF的重要解析表达式,累积分布函数,矩和矩生成函数。在室内体外通信的情况下,在四个明确的单独场景中进行了相应的测量,即:视线(LOS)和非LOS(NLOS)行走,旋转和随机运动。在三个不同的室内环境中重复了这些测量,并考虑了三个不同的假设的人体穿戴节点位置。借助这些结果,对κ/μmu/γ复合衰落模型的参数进行了估计和广泛分析。有趣的是,对于大多数室内环境和运动场景,参数估计值表明,即使直接信号路径被测试对象的身体遮挡了,也存在主导信号分量。此外,还显示κ/ mu /γ复合衰落模型可以很好地拟合体外通信通道中涉及的衰落效应。使用Kullback-Leibler散度,我们还将我们的结果与另一个最近提出的阴影衰落模型进行比较,即$ \ kappa- \ mu $ /对数正态LOS阴影衰落模型。我们发现,\ kappa \\ mu $ / gamma复合衰落模型可以更好地拟合本研究中考虑的大多数情况。

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